Once you have migrated from Windows to Linux you may notice that the file system is not what your accustomed to. Of the first things the average user needs to understand is the inner workings of the root file system and Linux core directory structure. To help you understand this structure, we have listed each directory explaining what it is commonly used for.
bin - contains the vital tools necessary to diagnose, repair and or get the system running
boot - houses the boot loader programs and configuration files
cdrom - shortcut to the CD/DVD drive
devbootstrap - contains files generated during the install of Ubuntu
dev - contains virtual files representing the hardware on your system
etc - central location for configuration files
home - where each users personal directory and files are located
initrd.img - symbolic link to ramdisk used to boot Linux
lib - shared system files
lost+found - where salvaged files get saved upon improper shutdown
media - directories that represent storage devices are found here
mnt - temporarily mounted external filesystems are located here
opt - optional additional software that is not a vital part of the system
proc - contains data about your system and current status
root - root users directory
sbin - administration programs are stored here
srv - network server configuration files go here
sys - Sysfs mount point used by the Linux kernel to administer your system hardware
tmp - temporary files are stored here
usr - shared files and data go here
var - constantly changing data is placed here
vmlinuz - symbolic link to the kernel file used at boot
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